Evaluation of Risk on Cardiovascular Problem Reoccurrence by Assessing the Prescription and Lifestyle Modifications: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pradeep Battula, Akhila Narapureddy, Pavithra Ammireddy, Abdul Haseeb Mulla, Karishma Khyder Shaik, Mulla Saddar Basha, Setlem Venkata Sai Krishna, Venkata Chenchaiah Perla
Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Vol. 17, Issue 4, pp. 338-350, (2024)
Abstract
Objectives:To determine the risk ofreoccurrence in CVD patients based on questionnaire, drug interactions and ejection fraction.Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional hospital-based observational study. The study questionnaire contains qualitative and quantitative queries. The obtained score decides whether the patient is mild, moderate, or severe.Results:Out of 211 patients, according to the questionnaire, six patients (2.84%) had severe risk, 59 individuals (27.9%) were at risk according to the American Heart Association’s Ejection Fraction recommendations. Four individuals (1.8%) were more at risk based on the drug interactions. Furthermore, alcohol (OR=5.06, 95% CI=1.03 -24.78), palm oil (OR=13.14, 95% CI=0.9-191.23), sunflower oil (OR=3.53, 95% CI=0.33-37.52), buffalo milk (OR=3.58, 95% CI=0-7,845.56), and a lack of exercise (OR=7.64, 95% CI=2.43-24.04) were the main risk factors for the development of CVD disease. Further smoking (χ2=17.21, p=0.001), passive smoking (χ2=6.37, p=0.012), alcohol (χ2=12.59, p=0.001), cooking oil (χ2=9.5, p=0.009), junk food (χ2=7.58, p=0.006), lack of exercise (χ2=13.65, p=0.001), eating more sodium in foods (χ2=5.77, p=0.016), and blood cholesterol (χ2=5.12, p=0.024), have association with risk of CVD.Conclusion:Lifestyle modifications need to be followed to reduce the progression of CVD; otherwise, the patients are at risk of developing CVD disease.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Ejection fraction, Lifestyle modifications, Cardiac risk assessment, Potential drug interactions
